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| 1405 |
| | | Timur is buried in a mausoleum (the Gur Amir) in Samarkand, a city which becomes an inspiration to his descendants | |
|  | Samarkand, tomb of Timur
Fotofile CG
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| 1410 |
| | | Shah Rukh, son of Timur, begins rebuilding the city of Herat | |
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| 1415 |
| | | Filippo Brunelleschi begins studying the ruins of classical Rome, with a view to rediscovering classical architecture | |
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| 1418 |
| | | A competition is launched for an architect to construct a dome above Florence's cathedral, and is won by Brunelleschi | |
|  | Florence, the cathedral dome
Fotofile CG
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| c. 1420 |
| | | Glazed windows become a feature of the richer homes of northern Europe | |
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| 1430 |
| | | Work begins in Florence on Brunelleschi's Pazzi chapel, which encapsulates in miniature the new ideals of Renaissance architecture | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | The massive architecture of the Incas, consisting of finely dressed irregular blocks of stone, becomes a feature of Cuzco | |
|  | Masonry in Cuzco
Photograph Josceline Dimbleby
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| 1462 |
| | | Mehmed II, conqueror of Constantinople, begins to build Topkapi Sarayi as his palace | |
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| 1471 |
| | | The new pope, Sixtus IV, secures his name in history, establishing the Sistine chapel and the Sistine choir | |
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| c. 1500 |
| | | Even the remote city of Machu Picchu, on its peak above the jungle, is built in the massively precise Inca style of masonry | |
|  | Machu Picchu
Photograph Josceline Dimbleby
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